Statistics is an important tool for describing the world around us and understanding and explaining the processes that create the patterns we observe. All natural systems, including humankind, consist of objects and individuals that are somewhat alike but also varied. We can use statistics to describe similarities and variation, allowing us to compare individuals and larger groups with each other. Using statistics, we can also draw conclusions about entire populations, even though we only study samples with a limited number of individuals.

Statistical methods are used to analyse the results of different types of experiments and investigations. By using objective statistical tools to determine whether we have a positive or negative result, we can avoid subjective assessments, which reduces the risk of misinterpreting the result.